
Research Article • 2026
Independent Research Paper (Unpublished)Access to Safe Drinking Water and Public Health in Rural Gilgit-Baltistan
Hira Ali·Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad
Safe drinking water is usually treated as an engineering problem — pipes, tanks, chlorine, bacterial counts. This article argues that in rural Gilgit-Baltistan it is at least as much a sociological one: contamination that is social before it is biological, a burden distributed unequally by income, gender and geography, and services left to community organisations rather than the state.
- water justice
- sociology of health
- rural Pakistan
- Gilgit-Baltistan
- household water insecurity




